| Pharmaceutical Information |
| Drug Name |
Trimethoprim |
| Drug ID |
BADD_D02290 |
| Description |
Trimethoprim is an antifolate antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), a critical enzyme that catalyzes the formation of tetrahydrofolic acid (THF) - in doing so, it prevents the synthesis of bacterial DNA and ultimately continued bacterial survival.[L11893] Trimethoprim is often used in combination with [sulfamethoxazole] due to their complementary and synergistic mechanisms but may be used as a monotherapy in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of urinary tract infections.[L11893,L11830] It is structurally and chemically related to [pyrimethamine], another antifolate antimicrobial used in the treatment of plasmodial infections.[T707] |
| Indications and Usage |
As a monotherapy, trimethoprim is indicated for the treatment of acute episodes of uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria, including _E. coli._, _K. pneumoniae_, _Enterobacter spp._, _P. mirabilis_, and coagulase-negative _Staphylococcus_ species.[L11893,L11890] In various formulations in combination with [sulfamethoxazole], trimethoprim is indicated for the following infections caused by bacteria with documented susceptibility: urinary tract infections, acute otitis media in pediatric patients (when clinically indicated), acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in adults, enteritis caused by susceptible _Shigella_, prophylaxis and treatment of _Pneumocystis jiroveci_ pneumonia, and travelers' diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic _E. coli_.[L11830,L11863]
Trimethoprim is available as an ophthalmic solution in combination with [polymyxin B] for the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and blepharoconjunctivitis caused by susceptible bacteria.[L11887] |
| Marketing Status |
approved; vet_approved |
| ATC Code |
J01EA01 |
| DrugBank ID |
DB00440
|
| KEGG ID |
D00145
|
| MeSH ID |
D014295
|
| PubChem ID |
5578
|
| TTD Drug ID |
D0AO5H
|
| NDC Product Code |
64374-001; 43386-330; 38779-0770; 65863-0008; 49452-7925; 40032-330; 60592-716; 62991-3173; 70954-541; 51927-1693; 51862-486; 57451-1111; 57451-1202; 65863-0004; 62991-2072; 72672-001; 51407-738 |
| UNII |
AN164J8Y0X
|
| Synonyms |
Trimethoprim | Trimpex | Proloprim |
|
| Chemical Information |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H18N4O3 |
| CAS Registry Number |
738-70-5 |
| SMILES |
COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)CC2=CN=C(N=C2N)N |
| Chemical Structure |
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| ADRs Induced by Drug |
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